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N

Near-Critical Activity: An  activity that has low total float.

Network. See project network diagram.

Network Analysis: The process of identifying early and late start and finish dates for the uncompleted portions of project activities See also critical path method, program evaluation and review technique, and graphical evaluation and review technique.

Network Logic: The collection of activity dependencies that makes up a project network.

Network Path: Any continuous series of connected activities in a project network diagram.

Node: One of the defining points of a network; a junction point joined to some or all of the other dependency lines. See also arrow diagramming method and precedence diagramming method.

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O

Order-of-Magnitude Estimate: See estimate.

Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS): A depiction of the project organization arranged so as to relate work packages to organizational units.

Organizational Planning: Identifying, documenting, and assigning project roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships.

Overlap: See lead.

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P

Parametric Estimating: An estimating technique that uses a statistical relationship between historical data and other variables (e.g., square footage in construction, lines of code in software development) to calculate an estimate.  

Pareto Diagram: A histogram, ordered by frequency of occurrence, that shows how many results were generated by each identified cause.

Path: A set of sequentially connected activities in a project network diagram.

Path Convergence: The node in the schedule where parallel paths merge or join. At that node, delays or elongation or any converging path can delay the project. In quantitative risk analysis of a schedule, significant risk may occur at this point.

Path Float: See float.

Percent Complete (PC): An estimate, expressed as a percent, of the amount of work that has been completed on an activity or a group of activities.

Performance Measurement Baseline: An approved plan against which deviations are compared for management control.

Performance Reporting: Collecting and disseminating performance information. This includes status reporting, progress measurement, and forecasting.

Performing Organization: The enterprise whose employees are most directly involved in doing the work of the project.

PERT Chart: The term is commonly used to refer to a project network diagram. See program evaluation and review technique for the traditional definition of PERT.

Phase: See project phase.

Planned Finish Date (PF): See schedule finish date.

Planned Start Date (PS): See scheduled start date.

Planned Value (PV): The physical work scheduled, plus the authorized budget to accomplish the scheduled work. Previously, this was called the budgeted costs for work scheduled (BCWS).

Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM): A network diagramming technique in which activities are represented by boxes (or nodes). Activities are linked by precedence relationships to show the sequence in which the activities are to be performed.

Precedence Relationship: The term used in the precedence diagramming method for a logical relationship. In current usage, however; precedence relationship, logical relationship, and dependency are widely used interchangeably, regardless of the diagramming method in use.

Predecessor Activity: 1) In the arrow diagramming method, the activity that enters a node. 2) In the precedence diagramming method, the from" activity.

Probability and Impact Matrix: A common way to determine whether a risk is considered low, moderate, or high by combining the two dimensions of a risk, its probability of occurrence, and its impact on objectives if it occurs.

Procurement Planning: Determining what to procure and when.

Product Scope: The features and functions that characterize a product or service.

Program: A group of related Projects managed in a coordinated way. Programs usually include an element of ongoing work.

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT): An event-oriented network analysis technique used to estimate program duration when there is uncertainty in the individual activity duration estimates. PERT applies the critical path method using durations that are computed by a weighted average of optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely duration estimates. PERT computes the standard deviation of the completion date from those of the path's activity durations. Also known as the Method of Moments Analysis.

Project: A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.