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    (一)用补语的
    不完全的动词必须有补语,才能使句子表达出一个完全的意念来。自动词用主格补语,他动词用宾格补语。
    (a)主格补语
    他看去很年轻。
    He looks young.
    华盛顿小时是一个好孩子。
    Washington was a good boy.
    中国是要养儿防老的。
    In China a son should be the staff of his parents’ old age.
    (b) 宾格补语
    人民选举他做总统。
    People elected him president.
    他使国家富强了。
    He made his country wealthy and powerful.
    (二) 用宾语的
    英文的他动词是要加上宾语才能成句的。用宾语的句子可分下列六种译法:
    (a)用一个宾语
    除你以外我没有朋友。
    I have no friend but you.
    天生丽质。
    Nature has molded her form and features with masterly touch.
    (b)用两个宾语
    那老人讲一些有趣的故事给我们听。
    That old man tells us amusing stories.
    一磅烟丝只够他吸两个礼拜。
    A pound of tobacco only lasts him a fortnight.
    (c)用表结果的宾语(Object of Result)
    她点燃了一把火。
    She lights a fire.
    他在木板上钻了一个洞。
    He bores a hole in the plank.
    我在那上面画了一朵花。
    I painted a flower on it.
    (d)用同系宾语(Cognate Object)
    他发出了一声短促的苦笑。
    He laughed a little short ugly laugh.
    他过着一种凄凉寂寞的生活。
    He is living a sad and lonely life.
    (e)用反身宾语(Reflexive Object)
    他在晚会上感到很快乐。
    He enjoyed himself at the party. (来源:英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com) 
    你应利用图书馆的书。
    You should avail yourself of the books in the library.
    (f)用保留宾语(Retained Object)
    凡有间接和直接两个宾语的文句,如由主动改为被动时,通常有两种说法,即每次只能用一个宾语,间接的或直接的,作为主语,其未用作主语的,就称为保留宾语,如
    我给了那孩子一支自来水笔。
    I gave the boy a fountain pen.
    如将上句改为被动时态,则有下列两种形式:
    The boy was given a fountain pen by me.
    A fountain pen was given the boy by me.
    (三)用形容词或副词的
    (A)用形容词的,又可分为(a)叙述的用法,(b)限定的用法,(c)名词的用法,(d)副词的用法,(e)同格的用法五种译法。
    (a)叙述的用法(Predicative Use)
    这朵玫瑰花是红的。
    This rose is red.
    他对那结果感到满意。
    He was content with the result.(cf.contented)
    这不值得那样麻烦。
    It is not worth the trouble.(cf.worthy)
    专限于叙述用法的形容词有:ill(cf.sick),well(cf. healthy),glad,sorry,exempt 等,其他还有以“a?”开头的字,如 alone,asleep,awake,afraid,alike,ashamed,akin 等,例如:He was fast asleep.(熟睡)也多半只有叙述用法。
    (b)限定的用法(Attributive Use)
    这是一朵红玫瑰花。
    This is a red rose.
    知足常乐。
    A contented person is happy with his status quo.
    他找到一个敢于和他相抗的敌人。
    He found a worthy enemy.
    儿童教育必须由所能聘到的最好的教师来施行。
    The education of children must be conducted by the best attainable instructors.
    没有一件伟大的事不是由热忱来做成的。
    Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.(Emerson)      | 
                  
                
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