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特别涵义的单字(上)
英语里的单字,十分复杂,有的字,含有许多意义;有的字,又有特别的用法。如不小心,往往坠入「五里雾中」。下面举出几个含有特别意义的单字,供读者参考。
1. Inviting:
这个字的动词原式是 invite,用 inviting 的场合,多半是在动词进行式或动名词。(invitation 是名词); 例如:
Did you invite her to the dinner last night? (你昨晚有请她吃饭吗?)
I am inviting some friends to a party tomorrow. (明天我要请些朋友来聚会)(进行式)
= I will invite some friends…… (因为老外常把现在进行式与将来简单式互用)
Inviting friends for dinner could be enjoyable. (请朋友吃饭是很愉快的)(动名词)
然而 inviting 的特别用法,是当做形容词用,意思是:「吸引人的」,「漂亮的」,「好看的」(attractive, good─looking or pleasant); 例如:
The most inviting building on our campus is the student recreation center. (我们校园里最吸引人的建筑物就是学生活动中心)
Big windows allow passersby to see the inviting interior decoration. (大的橱窗可以让行人看到漂亮的内部装饰) (passerby 是单数,复数是 passersby)
She has an inviting personality. (她有令人感到愉快的品格)
2. Discriminating:
这个字大家最常用的意思是「偏见」或「歧视」。动词原式是 discriminate,名词是 discrimination。用 discriminating多半也只是动词进行式或动名词。 例如:
Don't discriminate against the handicapped people.(不要对残疾者有偏见)
Many people are fighting against racial discrimination in the U.S.(在美国许多人反对种族歧视)
The company is discriminating against him because of nationality.(由于不同国籍,公司对他有偏见。)(进行式)
Discriminating against minorities is illegal.(歧视少数民族是违法的)(动名词)
可是,把 discriminating 当做形容词用,意思是:「有监赏能力」,「有选择好坏的能力」(good taste; selective)(多半用在艺术或音乐方面); 例如:
Mrs. Lin has a discriminating taste in art and music.(林太太对艺术和音乐有很高的监赏能力) (来源:老牌的英语学习网站 http://www.EnglishCN.com)
Your selection of living room furniture is quite discriminating.(你对客厅家具的选择是很有品味的)
Be discriminating but honest.(要有选择的能力,但也要诚实)(这里的 discriminating 有 choosy 的意思)
(注意:discriminate 当「歧视」「偏见」解时,后面多跟 against)
3. outstanding:
这个字,本来就是形容词,最普通的意思是:「杰出的」(excellent)或「突出的」(stand out)。 例如:
Your son is an outstanding young man .(你儿子是位很优秀的青年)
Her red hair is outstanding in the crowd.(她的红头发在人群中很突出)
但是,这个字当形容词时,也有特别的涵义:凡是「未偿付的贷款」或「未清帐款」(unpaid),都叫做 outstanding(checks,bill 或 invoice 等等)。 例如:
My outstanding checks have not been cashed.(指我的支票已开出去,但还未被兑现)(也就是 cancelled checks 还未回来)
The bank has one million dollars outstanding loan.(指银行借出贷款一百万,现在贷款人尚在偿还中。
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