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cover three different methods for combining sentences: using a
coordinating conjunction, using a conjunctive adverb, or using just a
semicolon. By the time you have completed this chapter you should be
able to write sentences that varying in length so that your writing has
a more flowing style. (来源：专业英语学习网站 http://www.EnglishCN.com)
Chapter 5: Combining Sentences: A Review of Your Options
As you learned in Chapter Two, sentence variety is crucial to good writing.
Using nothing but short simple sentences makes writing seem choppy. You learned
to create sentence variety with compound sentences. The compound sentence is
made through coordination using one of the three methods of sentence combining
covered in Chapter Two. These methods included using a comma and a coordinating
conjunction to join two independent clauses (sentences), using a semicolon,
using a conjunctive adverb which is punctuated with a semicolon and a comma.
In Chapter Four, you learned another method of combining sentences using
subordination. Subordination changes an independent sentence into a dependent
clause and joins the two sentences together to create one complex sentence. A
sentence is changed into a dependent clause by adding a subordinating
conjunction to the beginning of one of the sentences. The two sentences are
joined together by putting the dependent clause either at the beginning or the
end of the independent sentence. Chapter Five reviews these five options for
sentence combining and gives you the list of all the types of conjunctions in a
handy chart.
Chapter 6: Avoiding Sentence Fragments
A sentence is defined as a group of words containing a subject, a verb, and a
complete thought. If any of these elements is missing, then the group of words
isn't a sentence. A fragment is a group of words that is punctuated like a
sentence and that is trying to function as a sentence, but one of the necessary
elements is missing.
There are several ways to find and correct fragments. Any group of words
functioning as a sentence should be checked for the basics. Does it have a
subject? Does it have a verb? Does it start with a subordinating conjunction or
a relative pronoun that keeps the thought from being complete? If the answer to
any of the questions is no, it is a fragment.
Correcting fragments is fairly simple and you have several options. For a
fragment that is missing a subject or verb, add the missing element. If the
problem is a subordinating conjunction, the conjunction can be removed which
would make the fragment a complete sentence. Another option is to join the
fragment to another sentence either before it or after it in the paragraph
creating a complex sentence.
No matter how you choose to correct the fragment, it is important for you to
eliminate them from your writing. Fragments are considered to be a major
grammatical error in writing because they indicate that the writer isn't sure
what a sentence is. Readers will often not pay attention to the point a writer
is making if the reader thinks the writer doesn't even understand how to write a
complete sentence.
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