４. 从前引例句中我们稍做总结：主语+谓语是两种语言共享的结构，因此双语之间转换时主语+谓语这一基本顺序（倒装只是特例）便是两种语言表达时的重心。当涉及到连带成分和附加成分时要注意两种语言在表达层面上的差异，成分简单，两种语言表达时区别不大；成分复杂，两种语言表达时区别较大，应引起充分的注意。 (来源：老牌的英语学习网站 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

５. 汉语大致来说呈现出一种信息平面逐一堆砌的语言特点，并且这一“堆砌”是按照从外在特征出发最后到达事物本质的顺序进行的。例如：（汉）“阿道夫·希特勒是一个奥地利海关小职员的第三次婚姻中所生的第三个孩子，这个奥地利海关小职员是个私生子。”而英文则更加强调信息的立体层次感，即一定要把信息依照重要性分层揭示出来，重要性呈递减的方式而不是像汉语呈递增的方式，如：（English） Adolf Hitler was the third son （第三个孩子）of the third marriage （第三次婚姻）of a minor Austrian customs official（海关职员）who（这个小职员） had been born an illegitimate child. 用图表可以清晰地表现这一信息层次：

（English）Adolf Hitler was -->the third son -->of the third marriage -->of a minor Austrian customs official-->who had been born an illegitimate -->child.

（汉语）阿道夫-希特勒是-->一个奥地利海关小职员的（这个奥地利海关小职员是个私生子）-->第三次婚姻中所生的-->第三个孩子。

６. 从上可以看出，汉语转换成英语时，突出重要信息的深层次结构是十分关键的；而英语转换成汉语时往往需要颠倒这一深层次结构，即用一种相反的顺序传达出来。

７. 从句法层次看，汉语即使是复合句也比英文的句子结构层次简单（浅）。有人曾经开玩笑说，德国哲学家康德著作的英译本难读是因为一个句子中包含了太多的子句（clause），当你看到第一层次的子句时用一个指头按住，看到第二层次的子句时再用一个指头按住，等你用完了全部十个指头，一环套一环的子句还没有标注完，就像魔术师手中神奇的套盒从大到小像是永远没有穷尽。写《威克菲尔牧师》（The Vicar of Wakefield）的十八世纪爱尔兰著名诗人、剧作家、小说家Oliver Goldsmith （1728-1774）用相反的、子句前叠加子句的方法写出了一篇有趣的儿童韵文故事名篇，故事是这样递进的：

①This is the House that Jack built.

②This is the Malt（麦芽）, that lay in the House that Jack built.

③This is the Rat（大老鼠）, that ate the Malt, that lay in the House that Jack built.

④This is the Cat, that killed the Rat, that ate the Malt, that lay in the House that Jack built.

⑤This is the Dog, that worried the Cat, that killed the Rat, that ate the Malt, that lay in the House that Jack built.

……

（最后一句滚雪球似地演变成了）：This is the Farmer who sowed （播种，种）the corn, that fed the Cock（公鸡） that crowed （打鸣，叫）in the morn（早晨）, that waked the Priest （神父）all shaven（刮过脸的） and shorn（剪过发的）, that married （为……主持婚礼）the Man all tattered（衣着破烂的） and torn, that kissed the Maiden all forlorn（孤独无助的）, that milked（挤奶） the Cow with the crumpled （弯扭的）horn, that tossed（将……挑起来，高抛） the Dog, that worried the Cat, that killed the Rat, that ate the Malt, that lay in the House that Jack built.

如果你能迅速用口语体把这一故事转换成通顺的汉语，就会马上领悟两种语言的差异。

８. 最后再提示大家两点：英文的书面语和口语从句法结构层次讲也有差别。书面语多用层次较深的复合句，就像上面我们举过的例子；而口语表达为了让听者在没有文本参照的情况下清晰地捕捉住信息，通常会采用以“and”一词将若干个简单句连接成的并列句这一扁平形式:

例如：[1] So I signed the contract and the phone rang and the guy was from a Chicago paper and said, “Tell me, is it Miss or Ms.?”

[2] I had come to a model agency one cold day, and an agent came out and said, “I want you to enter a beauty contest.”

口语表达中复合句通常也只使用含有一层子句的形式：

例如：[1] I never sign anything that I don't read.

[2] You prepare that one brief and file that one complaint and go before the jury and get twenty-five bucks for a kid that's had his skull split open by five police officers.