一．Analysis of Issue Questions

2、“It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the world’s energy resources for future generations.” (来源：英语学习门户 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

3、“Corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees according to their experience and expertise. A ‘flat’ organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees.”

9、“Employees should keep their private lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workplace.”

11、“When someone achieves greatness in any field — such as the arts, science, politics, or business — that person’s achievements are more important than any of his or her personal faults.”

12、“Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”

13、“Responsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, not to government.”

16、“Public buildings reveal much about the attitudes and values of the society that builds them. Today’s new schools, courthouses, airports, and libraries, for example, reflect the attitudes and values of today’s society.”

18、“If the primary duty and concern of a corporation is to make money, then conflict is inevitable when the corporation must also acknowledge a duty to serve society.”

21、“Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity.”

24、“A powerful business leader has far more opportunity to influence the course of a community or a nation than does any government official.”

25、“The best strategy for managing a business, or any enterprise, is to find the most capable people and give them as much authority as possible.”

29、“Too many people think only about getting results. The key to success, however, is to focus on the specific task at hand and not to worry about results.”

31、“Financial gain should be the most important factor in choosing a career.”

32、“You can tell the ideas of a nation by its advertisements.”

34、“All citizens should be required to perform a specified amount of public service. Such service would benefit not only the country as a whole but also the individual participants.”

36、“Businesses and other organizations have overemphasized the importance of working as a team. Clearly, in any human group, it is the strong individual, the person with the most commitment and energy, who gets things done.”

37、“Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities.”

38、“Courtesy is rapidly disappearing from everyday interactions, and as a result, we are all the poorer for it.”

39、“It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life.”

40、“With the increasing emphasis on a global economy and international cooperation, people need to understand that their role as citizens of the world is more important than their role as citizens of a particular country.”

45、“The most effective way for a businessperson to maximize profits over a long period of time is to follow the highest standards of ethics.”

46、“Businesses are as likely as are governments to establish large bureaucracies, but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a government.”

57、“Everywhere, it seems, there are clear and positive signs that people are becoming more respectful of one another’s differences.”

60、“Employers should have no right to obtain information about their employees’ health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees’permission.”

62、“What education fails to teach us is to see the human community as one. Rather than focus on the unique differences that separate one nation from another, education should focus on the similarities among all people and places on Earth.”

65、“The rise of multinational corporations is leading to global homogeneity*. Because people everywhere are beginning to want the same products and services, regional differences are rapidly disappearing.”

68、“Since the physical work environment affects employee productivity and morale, the employees themselves should have the right to decide how their workplace is designed.”

72、“Companies should not try to improve employees’ performance by giving incentives — for example, awards or gifts. These incentives encourage negative kinds of behavior instead of encouraging a genuine interest in doing the work well.”

75、“There are essentially two forces that motivate people: self-interest and fear.”

78、“Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society’s past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes.”

81、“No one can possibly achieve any real and lasting success or ‘get rich’ in business by conforming to conventional practices or ways of thinking.”

87、“As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to government or to business.”

107、“The most effective way for managers to assign work is to divide complex tasks into their simpler component parts. This way, each worker completes a small portion of the task but contributes to the whole.”

109、“Employees should not have full access to their own personnel files. If, for example, employees were allowed to see certain confidential materials, the people supplying that information would not be likely to express their opinions candidly.”

111、“The most effective business leaders are those who maintain the highest ethical standards.”

112、“Because of recent advancements in business and technology, the overall quality of life in most societies has never been better than at the present time.”

129、“Instead of relying on the advice of outside experts, organizations should place greater value on the advice that can come only from their own highly experienced employees.”

130、“When judging the qualifications of potential employees, business employers should rely primarily on objective information, such as a candidate’s résumé and education. Personal interviews are much too subjective and are therefore not a valid basis on which to judge a person’s qualifications for a job.”

131、“We can learn more about a society by observing how its people spend their leisure time than by observing them at work.”

132、“Governments should not be responsible for regulating businesses and other organizations. Instead, society would benefit if the organizations themselves assumed responsibility for establishing and enforcing their own standards and regulations.”

一．Analysis of Issue Questions

2、“指望单个国家独立地做出必要的牺牲来保存能源是不现实的。如果我们希望为下一代保护世界的能源资源，国际领导力量和全球性的公司是基本的。”

3、“有限公司和其他商业机构应该尽力消除根据员工经验和技术划分员工的许多职称和工资等级。一个扁平的组织结构更可能鼓励员工间的共同掌权和共同合作。”

9、“雇员应该保持他们的私人生活和个人行为尽量远离工作场所。”

11、“当某些人在任何领域获得成功时，无论该领域时艺术科学政治还是商业，此人的成就比他或她的任何个人错误重要的多。”

12、“教育已经成为我们的社会里个人机会的主要提供者。就像财富和金钱一度是成功的关键一样，经验现在已经成为确保成功的最重要因素。”

13、“保护自然环境的责任完全属于每个个人，而非政府。”

16、“公众建筑反映了建造它的社会的许多态度和价值。例如，今天的新学校，法院，机场，图书馆反应了今天的社会的态度和价值。”

18、“如果一家公司最基本的责任和着眼点是挣钱，那么当这家公司也必须承担服务社会的责任时，矛盾是不可避免的。”

21、“工作保险和工资应该建立在雇员绩效的基础上而非工作年限上。主要根据工作年限奖励员工不利于人们保持高水平的生产力。”

24、“一个有力的企业领导比一个政府官员有更多的机会影响一个社团或国家的方针。”

25、“管理生意或者任何企业的最好方法就是找到最有能力的人并给他们尽可能多的权力。”

29、“太多的人只想到得到结果。成功的关键是注意手边的特定事情而不担心结果。”

31、“经济收入应该是找工作时最重要的因素。”

32、“你可以从一个国家的广告辨别出它的思想。”

34、“所有的市民都应该被要求完成一定量的公共服务。这样的服务将不但从整体上给国家带来好处，也能给个人的参与者带来好处。”

36、“企业和其他组织过分强调了团队工作的重要性。很明显，在任何人类团体里，都是最强的个人，那个具有最多义务和能量的人，把事情完成的。”

37、“由于对现代社会来说，科学和技术正在变得越来越基本，学校应该投入更多的时间教授科学技术而减少艺术和人文的教育。”

38、“礼貌正在从每日的交流中迅速消失。作为结果，我们都缺乏它。”

39、“人们要在不牺牲实现个人生活的重要方面的情况下达到专业成功是很难的。”

40、“随着对全球经济和跨国公司的关注增加，人们需要理解他们作为世界公民的角色比作为一个特定国家的公民的角色更重要。”

45、“商务人员在长期内实现利润最大化的最有效途径是遵循最高标准的道德。”

46、“企业和政府一样容易产生大规模的官僚机构，但是官僚机构对企业的危害比对政府的危害更大。”

57、“看来有明显和确实的迹象说明所有地方的人们都变得对彼此的不同越来越尊重。”

60、“没有雇员的同意时，雇主应该没有权力去了解他的雇员的健康状况和其他的私人生活方面的信息。”

62、“教育没有教会我们的是把人类社会看成一个整体。与其把焦点集中在区分一个国家和另一个的独特不同点上，教育应该集中焦点于地球上所有人类和所有地方的相似之处。”

65、“跨国公司的兴起导致全球一体化。因为所有地方的人们都开始需要同样的服务和产品，地区差异正迅速消失。”

68、“由于物理工作环境影响雇员的生产力和士气，雇员自身应该有权决定如何设计他们的工作场所。”

72、“公司不应该使用诸如奖金或礼物之类的刺激手段改善员工的表现。这种刺激鼓励不好的举动而非要把工作做好的真实兴趣。”

75、“有两种驱使人们的基本力量：自私和恐惧。”

78、“多数人会同意建筑是任何社会的过去的有价值的记录，但是当老建筑位于当代设计者认为用于现代目的会更好的地方时，争议就会冒出来。”

81、“没有人能在遵循传统的实践和思维方式的情况下达到任何真正的持久的成功或在做生意中‘变富’（get rich）。”

87、“当某项特定服务的技术和需求改变时，很多工人将失业。适应这种改变的责任属于每个工人而不是政府或企业。”

107、“经理指派工作的最有效的方法是把负责的工作分成比较简单的组成部分。这样的话，每个工人完成工作的一小部分但对整体都有贡献。”

109、“雇员不应该有权接触到所有他们自己的个人文件。比如，如果雇员可以看某些证明文件的话，那么提供这些信息的人将可能不会公正地表达他们的意见。”

111、“最有效率的企业领导是保持最高道德标准的人。”

112、“因为最近商业和技术方面的发展，大多数社会的总体社会质量前所未有的好。”

129、“与其依赖外部专家的建议，一个组织更应该看重那些只能来自它的内部的资深员工的建议。”

130、“当评价一个潜在雇员的条件的时候，企业雇主应该主要依赖诸如推荐信和教育程度之类的客观信息。个人鉴定太过主观因此不是评判一个人是否对一份工作称职的有效依靠。”

131、“我们可以通过观察一个社会的人们如何打发他们的休闲时间而非观察他们的工作来更多的了解这个社会。”

132、“政府不应该对规范企业和其他组织负责。相反，如果组织自身承担建立和执行他们自己的标准和规范的责任，那么社会将会得利。”