Thomas Edison In Brockton

As a young man, Edison had worked as an electrical technician for George Field＿a distant relative and friend of Daniel Field’s farther. Although the relationship between George Field and the often rash Edison had been notoriously strained, Daniel Field was one of the first to cordially welcome the now famous inventor to Brockton to construct his branch. It didn’t take long, however , before the idealistic Field and the pragmatic3 Edison found themselves on a collision course on an issue that would make environmental history. (来源：英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)

Although he was a toughminded world class entrepreneur, Field was also a deeply committed, self-styled urban conservationist. “Somehow, he never had a problem in blending his lasting love of nature and community with his absolute faith in ‘pure’ capitalism.” He never wavered in his belief that “A city requires an abundance of natural and architectural beauty and goodness in order for its inhabitants to be truly happy.”

One Edison’s crew indicated that the branches of a number of the beautiful elm trees in the downtown area needed to be heavily trimmed to accommodate a 2000-foot extension cord, Field was asked to lead an opposition movement. Recalling how “decaying” layers of telegraph wires, arc light wires, and telephone wires were such a blight in New York City, Field and others argued that Edison was about to “introduce similar havoc” in Brockton.

Regardless of the strong civic challenge led by the impassioned 28-year-old Field, Edison did not immediately change his plans. The cost of his Brockton branch of the Edison Ⅲuminating Light Company was over budgeted ····· “The firm had already spent more than half firm had already spent more than half of its allotted resources on the facility.” Accordingly, he promptly dropped the issue into the hands of Garrison.  

Garrison was a highly articulate author and part-time actor. Edison greatly valued his unusual ability to win over an audience with humor and satire. On one occasion a group of local hecklers from the gas company tried to convince an audience that the “ mad wizard from New Jersey was about to blow up the whole village,” Garrison readily turned the tables and made them the laughing stock.

Nonetheless, Garrison was hindered in his efforts to allay the local public’s concern over the impact form Edison’s proposed plan to use above-ground wiring. Field’s warning that "····· a river of copper would cut through the branches of our ancient elm trees and eventually darken the blue sky over our beautiful village ···” was seared into the public mindset.

The result was that, even though the decision involved a number of untested changes, Edison agreed to hide the one inch diameter cable at least 2 feet below ground. It was a decision that made his unique Brockton Standardized System even more singular than originally designed. For the first time in history, it combined the high energy efficiency associated with type H( three-wire) generation and distribution with the aesthetics associated with subterranean wiring.

Finally, by mid-September of 1883, the remarkable Brockton operation was ready to go into service, The circuit, which involved 150 of Edison’s lastes “600-hour 10-candle-watt bulbs,” was connected to more than a dozen retail establishments, including a barber shop and a popular billiard hall that had formerly used “buzzing and blinking” arc lights. On October 1, thirty-seven-year-old Edison and a troupe of famous associates arrived. By train, from Boston to oversee the first official use of “his latest and most remarkable contrivance.”

By 5 P. M —even though the event had not been publicized — a relatively large crowd had gathered at the School plant. They anxiously watched as Edison and his assistants tinkered with the wires, batteries and huge dynamos. At 6:15 P.M., after being “ rather spontaneously introduced to the onlookers,” Edison stepped over to the panel and threw the master switch.

托马斯·爱迪生在布隆克顿

爱迪生年轻时，曾给乔治·菲尔德当过电工——他是丹尼尔·菲尔德父亲的一个远房亲戚和朋友。尽管乔治·菲尔德与常显鲁莽的爱迪生关系紧张，这是众所周知的了，可丹尼尔·菲尔德仍是最先热情欢迎这位于当时著名的发明家来布隆克顿组建分公司的人。然而没过多久，爱空想的菲尔德与务实的爱迪生就发现他们之间产生了分歧，而分歧焦点将会对生态的历史进程产生影响。

尽管菲尔德是个坚强的一流企业家，他同时也是个忠实的，自封的城市自然资源保护主义者。“总之，他会将自己对自然和社区矢志不渝的热爱轻易地融入对‘纯粹的资本主义’的绝对忠诚之内。对他的信念他从未动摇过，那就是：“一座城市需要丰富的自然与建筑协和统一的美，只有那样它的居民才能真正的幸福。